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This new study evaluates the relationship between school location,
travel choices and the environment.
"Travel and Environmental Implications of School
Siting," released by the EPA on October 8, 2003,
is the first study to empirically examine the relationship
between school locations, the built environment around
schools, how kids get to school, and the impact on air
emissions of those travel choices. Over the next few decades,
communities making decisions about the construction and
renovation of thousands of schools will be challenged
to meet multiple goals -- educational, fiscal, and environmental.
The study finds that:
-- School proximity to students matters. Students with shorter walk and bike times to school are more likely to walk or bike.
-- The built environment influences travel choices. Students traveling through pedestrian-friendly environments are more likely to walk or bike.
-- Because of travel behavior differences, school location has an impact on air emissions. Centrally located schools that can be reached by walking and bicycling result in reduced air emissions from driving.
-- More data collection and research are needed to add further to the understanding of these effects. Specifically, improved data about both school travel and the built environment as well as new modeling techniques can build on these results.
For some time, there has been a trend toward construction of big schools and requirements for large sites. Guidelines, recommendations, and standards that encourage or require building large schools on new campuses or discourage renovation are embedded in a variety of state and local regulations, laws and funding formulas. This study provides important information about the effect of school location on how children get to school. It shows that school siting and design can affect choices of walking, biking, or driving. In turn, these changes in travel choices could affect traffic congestion, air pollution, and school transportation budgets.
To request copies of this report, call EPA's National Service Center for Environmental Publications at (513) 891- 6561 and ask for publication number EPA 231-R-03-004. To access this report online, visit the Publications section of http://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth
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