West Nile Virus

What is West Nile virus?

West Nile virus is a mosquito-borne infection that can cause serious illness. Although chances of a person getting sick are small, there are some simple steps you can take to reduce your risk of being bitten by mosquitoes.

What are the symptoms of West Nile virus?

Mild cases of West Nile infections may include a slight fever and/or headache. More severe infections are marked by a rapid onset of a high fever with head and body aches, disorientation, tremors, convulsions, and in severe cases, paralysis or death. There is no specific treatment for viral infections, other than to treat the symptoms and provide supportive care.

Who is at highest risk for becoming seriously ill?

The risk of humans becoming ill from West Nile virus is low. Persons who are at highest risk for serious illness are persons over the age of 50, and those with damaged immune systems. Healthy children and adults are at very low risk for infection.

Do all mosquitoes transmit disease?

No. Most mosquitoes do not transmit disease. There are about 65 different species of mosquitoes in New York State, but only certain breeds have been associated with West Nile virus.

Where do mosquitoes live and breed?

Mosquitoes lay their eggs in moist areas, such as standing water. The eggs become larvae that remain in the water until the they become adults and fly off. Adults continue to lay eggs until fall so there are several generations per season. Weeds, tall grass and shrubbery provide an outdoor home for adult mosquitoes. Most mosquitoes will breed in containers that hold water, such as flower pots or discarded tires. They can also enter houses through unscreened windows or doors, or broken screens.

When are mosquitoes most active?

Some mosquitoes are most active between dusk and dawn, when the air is calm. However, others will feed at any time of day.

Why do we hear so much about birds and West Nile virus?

Birds seem quite susceptible to the virus. In New York State, most West Nile virus-positive birds have been American Crows. The State Health Department is using dead birds, especially crow sightings, to track West Nile virus. Not all dead crows will be tested for West Nile Virus. There is no evidence that birds can transmit West Nile virus to people. However, gloves should be worn when handling any dead bird or mammal because other diseases or insects may be present.

Can my pet become infected?

Most mammals are at low risk for infection, but West Nile virus has been confirmed in some domestic animals, including pet birds, dogs and cats. Horses can become seriously ill if infected. Remember, birds and animals cannot transmit West Nile Virus to people. Only mosquitoes can transmit the disease to people.

How can I protect my family and myself?

You can reduce the mosquito population around your home by reducing or eliminating standing water:

• Remove tin cans, plastic containers, ceramic pots or similar water holding containers. Be sure to recycle those items that you can; dispose of the rest.
• Remove and properly dispose of all discarded tires from your property. Used tires are very significant mosquito breeding sites.
• Drill holes in the bottoms of open recycling bins that are kept outdoors.
• Make sure roof gutters drain properly, and clean gutters in the spring and fall.
• Remove leaf debris.
• Turn over plastic wading pools and wheelbarrows when not in use.
• Change the water in birdbaths and outdoor pet watering bowls every four days.
• Clean vegetation and debris from edges of ponds.
• Clean and chlorinate swimming pools, outdoor saunas and hot tubs.
• Drain water from pool covers.
• Use landscaping to eliminate standing water that collects on your property.

Should we stay indoors?

No. However, you can and should try to reduce your risk of being bitten by mosquitoes. In addition to reducing standing water in your yard, make sure all windows and doors have screens, and that all screens are in good repair. If West Nile virus is found in your area:

• Wear shoes, socks, long pants and a long sleeved shirt when outdoors for long periods of time, or when mosquitoes are most active.
• Consider the use of mosquito repellent, according to directions, when mosquitoes are biting.

How can we dispose of tires and debris?

The Tompkins County Division of Solid Waste Management will dispose of tires and other debris for a small fee. Call them at 273-6632 for information. Please do not burn tires or trash! This is illegal because it creates air pollution that can harm your family and neighbors.

Where can I get more information?

NYSDOH web site West Nile page

For more information, contact the New York State Health Department at www.health.state.ny.us , 1-800-458-1158, or write:

New York State Department of Health
Fite the Bite
Box 2000
Albany New York 12220

For the latest on West Nile Virus, general facts, Q & As, case counts and maps go to www.cdc.gov

You may also call the Tompkins County Health Department at (607) 274-6688.